Schaeffel Lab

Neurobiology of the Eye

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2018

  1. Aleman Carrillo A., Schaeffel F. (2018). Are focusing errors produced by insufficient accommodation responses driving emmetropization in chicks? Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 59, 2155.
  2. Feldkaemper MP., Bernhard-Kurz S., Schaeffel F. (2018). Effects of different light exposure paradigms before myopia is induced. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 59, 684.
  3. Mathis U., Feldkaemper MP., Schaeffel F. (2018). Combined effects of bright light and intravitreal atropine on retinal dopamine release in chickens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 59, 685.
  4. Wang M., Schaeffel F., Feldkaemper MP. (2018). Effects of spectral composition of light on dopamine release and myopia development in chicks. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 59, 686.
  5. Gisbert Martinez S., Schaeffel F. (2018). M to L cone ratios determine eye size in chicks. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 59, 694.
  6. Swiatczak B., Feldkaemper MP., Schaeffel F. (2018). Measuring changes in fundal reflectance in myopic chickens with isotropic photorefraction. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 59, 697.
  7. Schaeffel F., Wang M., Aleman Carrillo A. (2018). Reading white text on black background may cause less myopia than conventional black text on white. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 59, 1171.
  8. Ivanchenko D., Hafed Z., Schaeffel F. (2018). How correlated are drifts in both eyes during fixational eye movements? Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 59, 5792.

2016

  1. Kaser-Eichberger A., Schroedl F., Trot A., Bogner B., Runge C., Motloch K., Bruckner D., Schaeffel F., Feldkaemper MP., Reitsamer H. (2016). Choroidal and retinal thickness in normal and autonomic denervated eyes: preliminary OCT-data in adult chicken. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 57, 5519.
  2. Feldkaemper MP., Bernhard-Kurz S., Schaeffel F. (2016). Time of the day influence of exposure to intense illuminance and inherent variability of intense illuminance on the development of experimentally induced myopia in chicks. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 57, 5528.
  3. Schaeffel F., Kelbesch C., Richter P., Wilhelm B., Wilhelm H. (2016). Melanopsin – does it modulate the susceptibility to myopia? Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 57, 2494.

2015

  1. Chen Y., Schaeffel F. (2015). Factors affecting the calibration of white light eccentric photorefraction. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 56, 526.
  2. Pennos A., Chirre E., Prieto P.M., Wildenmann U., Schaeffel F., Artal P. (2015). Impact of scattering on accommodation responses. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 56, 6002.

2014

  1. Maier F., Ohlendorf A., Wahl S., Schaeffel F. (2014). Lack of oblique peripheral astigatism in the chicken eye, comparison to the human eye and possible consequences for emmetropization. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 55, 3597.
  2. Chen Y., Lan W., Schaeffel F. (2014). Foveal blue scotoma correlated with the shape of the foveal pit. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 55, 3000.
  3. Wildenmann U., Schaeffel F., Bobier W.R., and Section of the Neurobiology of the Eye. (2014). Fixational eye movements when viewing focused and defocused images. Investigative Ophthalmolgy and Visual Science 55, 2576.
  4. Bernard Y., Schaeffel F., Esser G., Seidemann A., Wildenmann U. (2014). Effects of short term full field or peripheral defocus on human axial length and choroidal thickness. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 55, 2134.
  5. Feldkaemper M., Schaeffel F. (2014). Changes in mRNA expression of Endothelial Growth Factor A, C, D and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1, 2, 3 during inducation of deprivation myopia in chickens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 55, 3594.
  6. Schaeffel F., Euler T., Hafed Z. (2014). How could a fixation target be perceptually stabilized in the presence of fixational eye movements? Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 55, 778.

2013

  1. Schaeffel F., Mathis U., Ziemssen F. (2013). Effects of human anit-VEGF antibody (Bevacizumab) on myopia development and choroidal thickness in the chicken. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 54, 5182.
  2. Chen Y., Schaeffel F. (2013). Crystalline lens thickness determines transverse chromatic aberration. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 54, 4268.
  3. Wildenmann U., Schaeffel F. (2013). Effects of changes in pupil centration and pupil size on the output of video eye trackers. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 54, 188.
  4. Lan W., Feldkaemper M., Schaeffel F. (2013). Effect of bright light on choroidal thickness in chickens as measured with OCT. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 54, 5174.
  5. Feldkaemper M., Schaeffel F., Fuchs L. (2013). Vascular endothelial growth  Factor A, C, D and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1, 2, 3 mRNA Expression in the Chicken Retina , RPE and Choroid. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 54, 5171.

2012

  1. Schaeffel F, Ohlendorf A, Bethge M (2012) Surprising Speed Jitter Invariance Of Pattern Matching In Random Dot Steropsis. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 53 (suppl.), 1782.
  2. Feldkaemper MP, Burkhardt E, Schaeffel F (2012) Comparison of A-scan Ultrasound and Low Coherence Interferometry in the Chicken Eye under Different Experimental Conditions. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 53 (suppl.), 3439.
  3. Bueno JM, Palacios R, Giakoumaki A, Gualda EJ, Schaeffel F, Artal P (2012) Retinal Cell Density In Chicks After Deprivation Myopia Measured With Adaptive-Optics Multiphoton Microscopy. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 53 (suppl.), 4657.

2011

  1. Ohlendorf A, Schaeffel F (2011) Effects Of Asigmatic Defocus On Visual Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity And Contrast Adaptation. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 52 (suppl.), 1898.
  2. Bueno J, Giakoumaki A, Gualda EJ, Schaeffel F, Artal P (2011) Adaptive Optics Mulitphoton Microscopy of Retinal Structures In the Chick. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 52 (suppl.), 5870.
  3. Jiang LQ, Schaeffel F, Long KL, Qu J (2011) Disruption Of Emmetropization And High Susceptibility To Form Deprivation And High Susceptibility To Form Deprivation In Albino Guinea Pigs. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 52 (suppl.), 6288.
  4. Feldkaemper MP, Burkhardt E, Schaeffel F (2011) Insulin and Eye Growth: Systemic Effects, Interactions with Glucagon and Effects on Spatial Vision. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 52 (suppl.), 6303.
  5. Schaeffel F, Mathis U (2011) Inhibition Of Lens-induced Myopia in Chicks With A Plant Extract: Black-currant. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 52 (suppl.), 6304.

2010

  1. Jabbar SB, Faulkner AE, Schmid GF, Schaeffel F, Abey J, Iuvone PM, Pardue MT (2010) Rod Photoreceptor Contributions to Refractive Development and Form Derprivation Myopia in Mice. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 51 (suppl.), 1726.
  2. Tabernero J, Ohlendorf A, Fischer MD, Schiefer U, Schaeffel F (2010) Classification of Continuous Pheripheral Refractive Profiles, Measured With a Scanning Infrared Photoretinoscope in an Adult Population. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 51 (suppl.), 271.
  3. Tepelus TC, Schaeffel F (2010) Responses of Different Retinal Areas to Imposed Defocused Chicks. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 51 (suppl.), 3935.

2009

  1. Ashby R, Ohlendorf A, Schaeffel F (2009) The Effect of Ambient Illuminance on the Development of Deprivation Myopia in Chicks. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 50 (suppl.), 437.
  2. Ohlendorf A, Schaeffel F (2009) Diurnal Variations of Binocular Refractive State and Effects of Temporary Monocular Positive Lens Wear, as Measured With a High Resolving Infrared Photoretinoscope. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 50 (suppl.), 3926.
  3. Rucker FJ, Zhu X, Bitzer M, Schaeffel F, Wallman (2009) Interocular Interactions in Lens Compensation: Yoking and Anti-Yoking. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 50 (suppl.), 3931.
  4. Taberbero J, Schaeffel F (2009) Continuous Peripheral Refraction Profiles Measured With a Scanning Infrared Photoretinoscope in Myopic and Emmetropic Students. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 50 (suppl.), 3944.
  5. Vazquez D, Seidemann A, Altheimer H, Schaeffel F, Uttenweiler D (2009) Optical tracking of Head Movement Patterns When Wearing Spectacle Lenses With Different Radial Power Profiles. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 50 (suppl.), 3981.
  6. Schaeffel F, Kaymak H, Mester U (2009) Rapid Measurement of Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration With Automated Polychromatic Photoretinoscopy. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 50 (suppl.), 3992.

2008

  1. Schaeffel F, Ohlendorf A (2008) Contrast Adaptation Induced by Defocus: Time Course and Selectivity for the Sign of Defocus. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 49 (suppl.), 3583.
  2. Feldkaemper M, Ashby R, Schaeffel F, Brand C (2008). Identification of Novel ZENK/Egr-1 Transcription Factor Target Genes by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation in the Chicken Retina. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 49 (suppl.), 1742
  3. Schippert R, Feldkaemper M, Schaeffel F (2008) Microarray Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression in Egr-1 Knock-Out Mice. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 49 (suppl.), 1745
  4. Ashby R, Schaeffel F, Feldkaemper M (2008) Laser Capture Microdissection of Retinal Glucagonergic Amacrine Cells From Immunostained Frozen Sections for mRNA Analysis. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 49 (suppl.), 3592

2007

  1. Schippert R, Brand C, Feldkaemper M.P, Schaeffel F (2007). Retinal gene expression in mice and chicks with visual experience that induces refractive errors. Proceedings of the 31th Göttingen Neurobiology Conference, S 4.
  2. Diedrich E, Schaeffel F (2007). Can chicken retinal ganglion cells distinguish image defocus from a drop in image contrast? Proceedings of the 31th Göttingen Neurobiology Conference, T 15.
  3. Schaeffel F, Mathis U, Brüggemann G (2007). Non-cycloplegic photorefractive screening in pre-school-children with the Powerrefractor in a pediatric practise. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 48 (suppl.), 1015.
  4. Papageorgiou E, Hardiess G, Schaeffel F, Wiethoelter H, Karnath H.-O, Mallot H, Schoenfisch B, Schiefer U (2007). Vision-related quality of life (QoL) assessment in patients with homonymous visual field defects (HVFDs) due to postchiasmal vascular lesions. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 48 (suppl.), 931.
  5. Rothlander C, Papageorgiou E, Hardiess G, Wiethoelter H, Schaeffel F, Karnath H.-O, Mallot H, Vontheim Schoenfisch B, Schiefer U (2007). Size of homonymous scotomas and traffic accidents in virtual reality driving. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 48 (suppl.), 939.
  6. Schippert R, Feldkaemper M, Schaeffel F (2007). A microarray analysis of retinal gene expression in when axial eye growth is inhibited by imposed myopia defocus. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 48 (suppl.), 5935.
  7. Feldkaemper M, Schaeffel F (2007). Insulin inhibits compensation of plus lenses in chicks and stimulates development. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 48 (suppl.), 5924.

2006

  1. Schaeffel F., Schippert R., Schmucker C. (2006). Spatial integration of peripheral defocus during emmetropization in chicks and during accommodation in humans. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 47, 4777.
  2. Feldkaemper M.P, Choh V, Schaeffel F, Wildsoet C (2006). Regulation of ZENK mRNA levels in the chicken retina by duration of light exposure, by image quality and by inter-ocular coupling. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 47 (suppl.), 1146.
  3. Schiefer U, Hardiess G, Schaeffel F, Wiethoelter H, Karnath H.O, Vontheim R, Schoenfisch B, Mallot H.A, Papageorgiou E (2006). To what extent can visual exploration compensate for homonymous scotomas? A pilot study based on virtual reality driving tasks. Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science 47 (suppl.), 792.
  4. Schippert R, Feldkaemper M.P, Schaeffel F (2006). Axial myopia in Egr-1-Knock-Out mice. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 47 (suppl.), 3326.
  5. Brand C, Schaeffel F, Feldkaemper M.P (2006). A microarray analysis of retinal transcripts that are controlled by retinal image contrast in mice. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 47 (suppl.), 3327.
  6. Schaeffel F (2006). Tierexperimentelle Modelle der Myopie. 47. Jahrestagung der östereichischen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft.
  7. Diedrich E, Schaeffel F (2006). Spatial frequency and contrast sensitivity tuning of chicken retinal ganglion cells as recorded with the micro-electrode array (MEA). 5th International Meeting on Substrate-Integrated Micro Electrode Arrays.
  8. Feldkaemper M. P, Brand C, Schaeffel F (2006). Influence of retinal image contrast on retinal gene expression in mice. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 26 (suppl.), P063.
  9. Schaeffel F (2006). Myopia studies in an animal that cares little about refractive errors: the mouse. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 26 (suppl.), PL 005.

2005

  1. Schaeffel F, Schmucker C (2005). A battery of optical tests to measure visual function in mice. Proceedings of the 30th Göttingen Neurobiology Conference, 163 A.
  2. Feldkaemper M, Schippert R, Schaeffel F (2005). Visual control of gene expression in retina and sclera in chick eyes with intact or sectioned nerves. Proceedings of the 30th Göttingen Neurobiology Conference, 308 B.
  3. Diedrich E, Schaeffel F (2005). Responses of chicken retinal ganglion cells to changes in contrast and focus, as recorded with the Multi-Electrode Array (MEA). Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 46 (suppl.), 1976.
  4. Diether S, Schaeffel F, Fritsch C, Trendelenburg A.U, Payor R, Lambrou G.N (2005). Role of M1 and M4 receptors in development of myopia: Study with muscarinic receptor antagonists and muscarinic toxins. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 46 (suppl.), 1986.
  5. Garcia E, Rodriguez G, Llorente L, Schmucker C, Schaeffel F, Marcos S (2005). Optical aberrations in the normal and anesthetized mouse eye. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 46 (suppl.), 2009.
  6. Fernandes A, Yin H, Faulkner A.E, Iuvone P.M, Williams R.W, Schaeffel F, Pardue M.T (2005). Mouse model with ON pathway defect has increased susceptibility to form deprivation myopia. Investigative Ophthralmology and Visual Science 46 (suppl.), 2280.
  7. Feldkaemper M.P, Choh V, Schaeffel F, Wildsoet C.F (2005). Does interocular coupling of retinal gene expression in the chick require an intact optic nerve? Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 46 (suppl.), 3330.
  8. Schaeffel F, Mathis U (2005). Glucagon-related peptides in the mouse retina and the effects of form deprivation . Investigative Ophthtalmology and Visual Science 46 (suppl.), 3336.
  9. Schippert R, Brand C, Schaeffel F, Feldkaemper M.P (2005). Transcriptional control of MMP-2, TIMP-2 and TGFß-2 mRNA in the chick sclera by imposed defocus, and the effects of intravitreal atropine. Investigative Opthtalmology and Visual Science 46 (suppl.), 3341.
  10. Schaeffel F (2005). Optical techniques to measure accommodation. European Association for Vision and Eye Research, EVER 2005, 3462.
  11. Schaeffel F (2005). Mouse Vision Phenotyping. European Association for Vision and Eye Research, EVER 2005, 3161.
  12. Glasser A, Schaeffel F, Michael R, Lopez-Gil N, Wokffsohns J.S (2005). Hands-on practice: Accommodation measurement. European Association for Vision and Eye Research, EVER 2005, 3465.

2004

  1. Buck C, Choi J, Feldkaemper M, Schaeffel F (2004). The effects of light and form deprivation on TGF-ß, Egr-1, VIP and Shh expression in mice. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 45, (suppl.), 1234.
  2. Bitzer M, Schaeffel F (2004). Sign of defocus selective ZENK regulation in the chick retina under anesthesia in vitro. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 45 (suppl.), 1237.
  3. Diether S, Schaeffel F, Fritsch C, Trendelenburg A.U, Payor R, Lambrou G (2004). Contralateral inhibition of lens induced myopia in the chick by ipsilateral intravitreal atropine application: can a simple dilution model account for the effect? Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 45 (suppl.), 1238.
  4. Seidemann A, Schaeffel F (2004). Closed- and open loop convergence and accommodation as measured with the PowerRefractor in emmetropic and myopic subjects. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 45 (suppl.), 2751.
  5. Pardue M.T, Yin H, Irving E.L, Schaeffel F, Williams R.W, Fernandes A (2004). The refractive state of a mouse model of clinical disease associated with high myopia. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 45 (suppl.), 4281.
  6. Schmucker C, Schaeffel F (2004). A paraxial schematic eye model for growing C57BL/6 mouse. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 45 (suppl.) 4279.
  7. Fernandes A, Yin H, Byron E.A, Iuvone P.M, Schaeffel F, Williams R.W, Pardue M.T (2004). Effects of form deprivation on eye size and refraction in C57BL/6J mice. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 45 (suppl.), 4280.
  8. Schmucker C, Schaeffel F (2004). A battery of optical tests to measure visual function and myopia in alert mice. II Topical Meeting on Physiological Optics, Granada.

2003

  1. Buck C, Feldkaemper M. P, Schaeffel F (2003). The effects of visual stimulation on glucagon and glucagon receptor expression. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 44 (suppl), 2800.
  2. Ohngemach S, Feldkaemper M.P, Schaeffel F (2003). Alterations in retinal gene expression induced by optical defocus, blur or recovery in chickens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 44, (suppl), 4337.
  3. Seidemann A, Schaeffel F (2003). Measurement of convergence and accommodation under open and closed loop vergence condition with the PowerRefractor. Mopane 2003.
  4. Schaeffel F (2003). Optical properties of the mouse eye as a model for myopia. Mopane 2003.

2002

  1. Bitzer M, Schaeffel F (2002). Effects of lens defocus on refractive state and retinal ZENK expression after intravitreal quisqualic acid injection. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 43, 202.
  2. Schaeffel F, Burkhardt E (2002). Measurement of refractive state and deprivation myopia in a black wildtype mouse. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 43 (suppl), 182.
  3. Seidemann A, Schaeffel F (2002). Accommodation and emmetropization in monochromatic light. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 43 (suppl), 196.
  4. Feldkaemper M, Burkhardt E, Schaeffel F (2002). Expression patterns of the glucagon receptor in the chick retina, with and without intravitreal application of a glucagon agonist. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 43 (suppl), 205.
  5. Weiss M, Seidemann A, Schaeffel F (2002). Accommodation to artificial ON/Off stimulation? Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 43 (suppl), 1493.
  6. Seidemann A, Schaeffel F (2002). Factors influencing the measurement of the lag of accommodation. 9th International Conference of Myopia, Hongkong, 91.
  7. Bitzer M, Schaeffel F (2002). ZENK expression in the chicken retina after optical stimulation in-vitro. 9th International Conference of Myopia, Hongkong, 78.
  8. Feldkaemper M, Meyer J, Wissinger B, Schaeffel F (2002). Identification of genes expressed in a chicken retinal cDNA library. 9th International Conference of Myopia, Hongkong, 81.
  9. Simon P, Schaeffel F (2002). Temporal sequence of ZENK, RALDH-2 and TGFs-2 expression following defocus. 9th International Conference of Myopia, Hongkong, 86.

2001

  1. Diether S, Bach M, Schaeffel F (2001) Changes in contrast sensitivity with defocus and their possible relations to emmetropization in the chicken. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 42, 307
  2. Hartmann D, Schwahn H, Schaeffel F (2001) Effects of glucagon in the in-vitro electroretinogram of the chicken retina. Proceedings of the 4th Meeting of the German Neuroscience Society, #807.
  3. Bitzer M, Schaeffel F (2001) Changes in ZENK expression in the chicken retina after lens-induced defocus. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 42, 316.
  4. Feldkkaemper M, Schaeffel F (2001) Changes in retinal glucagon content during myopia development and effects of glucagon on contrast sensitivity. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 42, 329.
  5. Schaeffel F (2001) Kappa and the Hirschberg ratio as measured with a high resolution video gaze tracker. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 42, 2138.
  6. Heinrich T, Schaeffel F, Bach M (2001) Contrast adaptation in retinal and cortical evoked potential. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 42, 2201.
  7. Seidemann A, Schaeffel F (2001) The magnitude of under-accommodation during reading and the effect of letter size. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 42, 4561.
  8. Bach M, Heinrich T, Schaeffel F (2001). Contrast adaptation in retinal and cortical evoked potentials. In: Tremblay F, Coupland SG, Westall CA (editors) ISCEV 2001 abstract book. Halifax, 2001 (ISBN 0-9689095)

2000

  1. Thomas S., Schaeffel F. (2000) Chickens cannot accommodate astigmatically. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 41, 2989.
  2. Gekeler F, Schaeffel F (2000) "Nearwork" causes myopia in chickens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 41, 696.
  3. Feldkaemper M, Schaeffel F (2000) A glutamate antagonist inhibits lens induced hyperopia but not myopia in chickens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 41, 683.

1999

  1. Diether S., Schaeffel F. (1999) Quantifying defocus with long integration time: the level of contrast adaptation. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 40, 5079.
  2. Ohngemach S., Feldkaemper M., Schaeffel F. (1999) Diurnal variations in deprivation myopia and transcription of the dopamine D2 receptor mRNA. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 40, 4462.
  3. Seidemann A., Guaroa A., Artal P., Schaeffel F. (1999) Peripheral refraction and myopia development in humans. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 40, 2362.
  4. Seideman A, Guirao A, Artal P, Schaeffel F (1999) Peripheral sphere and astigmatism measured by infrared photoretinoscopy and by double pass point spread. In: "Vision Science and its Applications" OSA Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, Washington DC, 1999), pp 224-227
  5. Schwahn H., Schaeffel F. (1999) Effects of atropine in the in-vitro preparation of the retina-RPE-choroid preparation. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 40, 4466.
  6. Kruse R., Schwahn H., Schaeffel F. (1999) Refraction and visual acuity of the chick as measured by the pattern electroretinogram. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 40, 4459.
  7. Stell W.K., McGuire J., Fischer A., Schaeffel F. (1999) Vision-dependent expression of ZENK in the chicken retina. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 40, 5080.
  8. Bitzer M., Feldkaemper M., Schaeffel F. (1999) Expression of enzymes of retinal RA snythesis during development of deprivation myopia. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 40, 4471.
  9. Feldkaemper M., Wang HY., Bitzer M., Schaeffel F. (1999) Differential display analysis of gene expression during myopia development in chicks. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 40, 2369.

1998

  1. Schaeffel F., Hagel G., Weiss S. (1998) How good is the match between text plane and image plane during reading. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 39, 2978.
  2. Diether S., Schaeffel F. (1998) Severe constant "deprivation" from myopic defocus causes hyperopia and weak "deprivation" from frosted occluders causes myopia in chickens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 39, 3279.
  3. Schwahn H., Schaeffel F. (1998) Studies on muscarinic receptors of retinal pigment epithelium in a RPE-choroid preparation of the chick. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 39, 3291.

     

1997

  1. Schaeffel F., Weiss S., Howland H.C. (1997) Reconstruction of the optic disc topography and other surfaces by infrared photoretinoscopy. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 38, 1584.
  2. Diether S., Wallman J., Schaeffel F. (1997) Form deprivation may change the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) of chicks. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 38, 2518.
  3. Wattam-Bell J., Schaeffel F., Kusel R. (1997) Measurement of large refractive errors with eccentric photorefraction. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 38, 4532
  4. Feldkaemper M., Diether S., Schwahn H., Schaeffel F. (1997) Are experimental myopia and hyperopia based on similar retinal processing? Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 38, 2520.
  5. Ohngemach S., Tham I., Cheng H.-M., Rajan U., Cew S.J., Schaeffel F. (1997) Diurnal variations in sensitivity to deprivation myopia or near work in chickens and humans. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 38, 2527.
  6. Schwahn H., Schaeffel F., Zrenner E. (1997) Effects of atropine in the chicken retina: in vitro studies on a retina-RPE-choroid preparation. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 38, 3507.
  7. Kaymak H., Hagel G., Schaeffel F. (1997) Intravitreal atropine suppresses deprivation myopia in chicks much more efficiently than dopamine agonists. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 38, 3508.
  8. Tham W.K., O'Brien L., Rajan U., Cheng H.M., Saw S.M., Chew S.J., Schaeffel F., Ohngemach S. (1997) Lack of temporal variation in sensitvity to near work in school-age myopia. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 38, 4545.
  9. Schwahn H., Schaeffel F. (1997). Effects of atropine and dopamine in the chicken retina: in vitro studies in a retina-RPE-choroid preparation. Fortschritte der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft 90.1, 16.
  10. Ohngemach S., Tham I., Cheng HM., Rajan U., Chew SJ, Schaeffel F. (1997) Diurnal sensitivity variations to deprivation myopia or near work in chickens and humans. Proceedings of the 25th Göttingen Neurobiology Conference 1997, 574.
  11. Diether S., Schaeffel F. (1997) Contrast sensitivity is changed by form deprivation. Proceedings of the 25th Göttingen Neurobiology Conference 1997, 575.
  12. Feldkämper M., Diether S., Schwahn H., Schaeffel F. (1997) Are there differences in retinal processing between experimental myopia and hyperopia? Proceedings of the 25th Göttingen Neurobiology Conference 1997, 576.

     

1996

  1. Gekeler F., Wattam-Bell J., Schaeffel F. (1996) Measurement of human astigmatism with infrared photoretinoscopy. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 37, 3313.
  2. Diether S., Schaeffel F. (1996) Local changes in eye growth after imposed local defocus. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 37, 4598.
  3. Schwahn H., Schaeffel F., Zrenner E. (1996) Effects of flickering light of varying duty cycles on the refractive development in chicks. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 37, 4596.
  4. Feldkaemper F., Schaeffel F. (1996) Are retinal image brightness and spatial frequency distribution independently processed during deprivation myopia development? Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 37, 4597.
  5. Ohngemach S., Schaeffel F. (1996) Concentrations of biogenic amines in fundal layers in chickens with normal vision, deprivation and after reserpine application. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 37, 1497.
  6. Ohngemach S., Schaeffel F. (1996) Concentration profiles of biogenic amines in fundal layers in chickens with normal vision, deprivation and after reserpine application. Proceedings of the 24th Goettingen Neurobiology Conference, 64.
  7. Wallman J., Schaeffel F. (1996) Uses of blur to guide emmetropization. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 37, 2128.
  8. Diether S., Schaeffel F. (1996) Does imposed local defocus induce local changes in eye growth? Proceedings of the 24th Goettingen Neurobiology Conference, 65.
  9. Feldkämper M., Schaeffel F. (1996) Control of refractive development from retinal image features: brightness versus spatial frequency content. Proceedings of the 24th Goettingen Neurobiology Conference, 66.

1995

  1. Schaeffel F., Hagel G. (1995). Local deprivation myopia and local retinal dopamine. Proceedings of the 23rd Goettingen Neurobiology Conference, 527.
  2. Hoffmann M., Schaeffel F. (1995). Melatonin and deprivation myopia in chickens. Proceedings of the 23rd Goettingen Neurobiology Conference, 526.
  3. Hoffmann M., Schaeffel F. (1995). Retinal melatonin and deprivation myopia in chickens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 36, 1911.
  4. Ott M., Schaeffel F. (1995). A unique optical design in a vertebrate eye: the negative power lens of the chameleon. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 36, 3523.
  5. Schaeffel F., Hagel G. (1995). Local myopia and local retinal dopamine metabolism in chicks. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 36, 1909.
  6. Kriegbaum H., Wilhelm H., Wilhelm B., Schaeffel F. (1995). Interocular differences in accommodation and pupillary reaction. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 36, 2118.
  7. Schaeffel F. (1995) Optimierung der retinalen Bildschärfe durch visuelle Steuerung des Augenlängenwachstums beim Haushuhn (Gallus domesticus). Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft 88.1, 230.

1994

  1. Rickers M., Schaeffel F., Hagel G., Zrenner E. (1994). Dose-dependent effects of intravitreal Pirenzepin on deprivation myopia and lens-induced refractive errors in chickens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 35 (suppl.), 1801.
  2. Schwahn H., Schaeffel F., Zrenner E. (1994). Ciliary muscle activity has no effect on refractive development in chickens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 35 (suppl.), 1800.
  3. Schaeffel F., Bartmann M.L., Zrenner E. (1994). Depletion of dopamine and serotonin in the chick retina by reserpine: effect on deprivation myopia and electroretinograms. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 35 (suppl.), 1801.
  4. Ott M., Schaeffel F. (1994). Natural accommodation and visual optics in the chameleon (Chameleo calyptratus). Proceedings of the 22nd Goettingen Neurobiology Conference, Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York (Elsner N., Breer H., eds.), 468.
  5. Schaeffel F., Bartmann, M., Hagel G., Kohler K., Zrenner E. (1994). Drug-induced alterations of myopia induced by translucent occluders in chickens. Proceedings of the 22nd Goettingen Neurobiology Conference, Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York (Elsner N., Breer H., eds), 523.
  6. Rickers M., Schaeffel F., Hagel G., Zrenner E. (1994). Dose-dependent effects of intravitreal pirenzepine on deprivation myopia and lens-induced refractive errors in chickens. Proceedings of the 22nd Goettingen Neurobiology Conference, Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York (Elsner N., Breer H., eds.), 524.
  7. Schaeffel F. (1994). Diurnal rhythms in the chicken eye and their relation to myopia development. Acta Neurobiologica Experimentalis 54, 91.
  8. Hoffmann M., Schaeffel F. (1994). Deprivation myopia and its relation to the retinal dopamine/melatonin system in chickens. Acta Neurobiologica Experimentalis 54, 92.

1993

  1. Hagel G., Schaeffel F., Bartmann M.L., Zrenner E. (1993). Enhancing deprivation myopia by sulpiride and 5,7-dihydroxy tryptamine: do these results help to understand the role of dopamine in the control of axial eye growth? Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 34, 891.
  2. Schaeffel F., Howland H.C., Weiss S., Zrenner E. (1993). Measurement of the dynamics of accommodation by automated real time photorefraction. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 34, 2968.
  3. Bartmann M.L., Schaeffel F., Zrenner E. (1993). The effects of constant light on retinal dopamine levels, deprivation myopia and lens induced changes in eye growth. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 34, 2492.
  4. Bartmann M.L., Schaeffel F. (1993). What are the features in the retinal image that are used to control axial eye growth? In: "Gen-Gehirn-Verhalten", Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York (Elsner N., Heisenberg M., eds.), 452.
  5. Schwahn H., Schaeffel F. (1993). Lack of an effect of paralysis of ocular accommodation on refractive development in the chicken. In: "Gen-Gehirn-Verhalten", Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York (Elsner N., Heisenberg M., eds.), 453.

1992

  1. Schaeffel F., Kohler K., Hagel G., Zrenner E. (1992). Deprivation myopia and ametropia induced by spectacle lenses result from two different mechanisms in chicks. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 33 (suppl.), 1802.
  2. Bartmann ML, Weiss S., Schaeffel F., Zrenner E. (1992). Diurnal eye growth and dopaminergic rhythms in the eyes of chickens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 33, (suppl.), 1805.
  3. Bartmann M.L., Bubser M, Schaeffel F. (1992). Inter-individual variability in retinal dopamine levels and deprivation myopia in chickens. In: "Rhythmogenesis in Neurons and Networks" Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York, (Elsner N. and Richter D.W., eds.), 400.
  4. Schaeffel F., Hagel G., Kohler K., Zrenner E. (1992). Pharmacological evidence for two separate visually-guided feedback loops for control of eye growth and refractive state in chickens. In: "Rhythmogenesis in Neurons and Networks" Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York, (Elsner N. and Richter D.W., eds.), 398.
  5. Weiss S., Schaeffel F. (1992). Deprivation myopia in chicks: a result of altered diurnal retinal dopamine rythms? In: "Rhythmogenesis in Neurons and Networks", Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York, (Elsner N. and Richter D.W., eds.), 399.

1991

  1. Rohrer B., Schaeffel F., Zrenner E. (1991). The UV receptor cannot emmetropize the chicken eye. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 32 (suppl.), 1205.
  2. Rohrer B., Schaeffel F. (1991). The ultraviolet receptor cannot emmetropize the chicken eye. In: "Synapse-Transmission-Modulation", Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York (ed. Elsner N., Penzlin H.). 182.
  3. Schaeffel F., Wagner H. (1991). Barn owls use accommodation as a distance cue. Verhandlungen der deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft 84, 358-359.
  4. Schaeffel F. (1991). Visual control of eye growth and refractive state? Experimental evidence from the chicken eye. In: "Synapse-Transmission-Modulation", Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York (ed. Elsner N., Penzlin H.). 181.
  5. Schaeffel F., Kohler K., Zrenner E. (1991). Visually-guided control of refractive state? Experimental evidence from the animal model of the chicken. Fortschritte Ophthalmologie 88 (suppl.), S341.
  6. Schaeffel F. (1991). Emmetropization in chick eyes: optimizing refractive state by visual feedback control. OSA Annual Meeting Technical Digest 17, 75.

1990

  1. Schaeffel F. and Howland H.C. (1990). Properties of visual feedback loops controlling eye growth and refractive state in the chicken. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 31 (suppl.), 1239.
  2. Schaeffel F., Zrenner E. (1990). Kritische Bewertung der Rolle des Akkommodationstonus bei der Entwicklung von Myopie - Überblick über neue Ergebnisse von Tiermodellen und Mensch. 74. Tagung der Baden-Württembergischen Augenärztlichen Vereinigung, #45.
  3. Schaeffel F., Howland H.C., and Zrenner E. (1991). Experimentelle Myopie - Neue Ergebnisse zur Regulation des Augenwachstums. Klin. Monatsblätter Augenheilkunde 198, 146.
  4. Schaeffel F. (1990). Critical evaluation of the role of accommodation in emmetropization and myopia. Proceedings of the International Society of Eye Research, Vol. 6, 503.
  5. Schaeffel F., Zrenner E., Howland H.C. (1990). Regulation von Achsenlänge und Refraktion im wachsenden Auge des Haushuhns. 88. Jahrestagung der deutschen ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft, #135.

1989

  1. Schaeffel F., Mathis U., and de Queiroz A. (1989). Mechanisms for enhancement of under water vision in natricine snakes. In: "Dynamics and plasticity in neuronal systems", Thieme Verlag, (ed. by N. Elsner and W. Singer): 310
  2. Romano V., Schaeffel F., and Howland H.C. (1989). Stress-strain relationship in the chick cornea and its relation to accommodation of the eye. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 30 (suppl.), 507.
  3. Schaeffel F., Murphy C.J., and Howland H.C. (1989). Accommodation and visual optics in the cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis). Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 30 (suppl), 508.
  4. Schaeffel F. and Howland H.C. (1989). Plasticity of refractive development in chick eyes. In: "Neural mechanisms of Behavior". Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York (ed. by J. Erber et al.), 193.
  5. Schaeffel F., Mathis U., de Queiroz A. (1989). Visual acuity of natricine snakes in air and water. In: "Neural mechanisms of Behavior". Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York (ed. by J. Erber et al.). 192.

1988

  1. Murphy C., Bellhorn R., Williams T., Burns M., Schaeffel F. and Howland H.C. (1988). Physiological optics and ocular anatomy of the sea otter (Enhydra lutris). Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 29 (suppl.), 454.
  2. Schaeffel F., Troilo D., Wallman J. and Howland H.C. (1988). Chicks without accommodation become hyperopic or myopic from wearing lenses. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 29 (suppl.), 445.
  3. Howland H.C. and Schaeffel F. (1988). A mathematical model for emmetropization in the chicken. Society of Neuroscience Abstracts 14, 397.
  4. Howland H.C. and Schaeffel F. (1988). Accommodation in the chick eye: mechanical model and off-axis refraction. Annual Meeting of the Optical Society of America 1988.

1987

  1. Mathis U., Schaeffel F., and Howland H.C. (1987). Visual optics in toads. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 28 (suppl.), 217.
  2. Schaeffel F. and Howland H.C. (1987). Accommodation and eye growth in chicks. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 28, (suppl.), 217.
  3. Schaeffel F. and Howland H.C. (1987). Eye growth in chickens wearing lenses. Society of Neuroscience Abstracts 13, 1534.
  4. Schaeffel F. and Howland H.C. (1987). A schematic eye for the 30 day old myopic chicken. Annual Meeting of the Optical Society, Rochester, New York.

Overview Articles

  • Schaeffel F, “Myopia – what makes the eye grow longer?” “Points de Vue”, 2010 (manuscript attached as PDF)
  • Labor and more 3/2009 (in German) www.laborundmore.de/news/10,226343/LM-3-2009/Augenheilkunde-Kurzsichtigkeitsforschung-Myopie.html
  • Schaeffel F, Myopia Update 2011,  Klinische Monatsblätter,  2011 (in German) (PDF)
  • Schaeffel F, Klinische Risikofaktoren der Myopieprogression, Der Ophthalmologe, 2012 (in German) (PDF)
  • Book chapter, Schaeffel F,  “The mouse model of myopia” from „Myopia, Animal models to clinical trials, World Scientific,  Singapore Eye Research institute, Editors  Beuerman RW, Saw SM, Tan DTH, Wong TY (PDF)

Full papers can be looked up in publication data bases